December 26th, 2008
The web has become so ubiquitous to daily life, that once you’re out on an extended cruise, you suddenly notice how dependent you’ve become on it. Waking up every day and nonchalantly checking the weather can turn into a nightmare without web access, relying on marinas posting forecasts on the foyer door, or time wasted searching for a reliable forecast on the radio. For coastal marina sailing, often you’ll come across WIFI access points, but without the proper equipment, unless you’re in the ideal berth or anchorage, chances are you’ll be walking around the boat, desperately trying to get a decent signal. For offshore sailors, the concept of web access is more of a dream than an affordable reality, however below we’ll go through a few options for both types of sailors.
Internet for marinas & anchorages
One of the most affordable options for improving the quality of your WIFI signal, is an amplified external USB Wireless LAN adapter. The WIFI adapter and antenna in your standard laptop is usually 100mW or less in signal power. Coupled with low power, the antenna for a laptop usually only extends for the length of your screen (often the antenna is built in up one side of your laptop screen).
The Alfa 500mW USB Wireless B/G Adapter with RP-SMA connector currently runs at about $50USD, and is available through a number of retailers on the web. Boasting 500mW of power, it is five times more powerful than your average laptop - A simple search will return several relevant results. The RP-SMA connector on the Alfa unit, also allows for an extendable antenna to be added, which is handy for running something up to your spreader, or for a more permanent installation, you could wire an an antenna onto a transom rail or radar pole. The Alfa unit is MacOSX and Windows compatible.
Another alternative to the Alfa unit, is the EnGenius (Senao) with 2x RP-SMA connectors. Sporting two antenna connectors, it could be possible to mount two antennas in multiple areas of the boat for better signal quality. Searching for the EnGenius will again bring up several online retailers. priced just below the Alfa unit, the EnGenius is a good alternative.
All WIFI units with external antenna capability should do benefit from longer antennas, but only to a point. Running shielded wire to the top of a large mast may in fact reduce the quality of your signal. Where possible, mount the actual USB unit as close to the mounting point of the antenna as possible. A 6metre USB extension cable running to one of the above units, with an additional five meters of shielded antenna wire should be a good trade-off between antenna length and USB extension - Experimentation using the units software to maximise signal strength is always the best approach. An excellent source of affordable range extenders and antennas is Data-Alliance.net.
Cell/Mobile phone access - As more and more providers move to 3G (third generation) networks, the price of internet access via affordable ‘USB keys’ or bluetooth pairing on modern phones is becoming a good option for areas lacking suitable WIFI networks. In areas such as Europe, it is possible to purchase an affordable pre-paid 3G SIM card, and access the internet from anywhere where there is cell access. France is one of the European countries offering affordable pre-paid options and network coverage. Within Australia, networks such as Three and Virgin Mobile offer USB 3G modems for around $90USD plus $29 for 2gb of data.
Offshore Internet access
HF Radio - Unfortunately the uptake of global broadband has not necessarily led to any great advances in the affordability of satellite internet… The most popular method for obtaining forecasts, and very basic internet access (primarily email) while at sea, is via HF radio and packet modems. Using services such as Sailmail, and earth stations strategically placed around the globe, it is possible with the right equipment to collect your email or request a GRIB forecast. While the service is highly affordable, the cost of equipment and nature of analogue radio modems, translates into a service which might be more suited to the technically minded. If you are already running HF/SSB equipment, it is probably worth your time to try the service out, however if you’re building a new communications station for your boat, it might be more suitable to try out the expensive but globally accessible Iridium network.
Access via Iridium - When cruising in areas outside of the Atlantic, coasts of the US and Europe, the Iridium network is one of the very few services available which a cruiser has any chance of being able to afford. Kitted with an Iridium phone and data kit, it’s possible to access email, GRIB data and incredibly basic web browsing (maximum speeds are around 2.4k/second). A basic Iridium 9505A phone runs at about $1500USD, plus another $160USD for the data kit. Time and data is purchased as prepaid minutes, with costs starting at $150USD for 75mins of talk/data access.
Inmarsat Broadband - With global coverage and high speeds, Inmarsat is an expensive but fast internet option. Used during races such as the Vendee and Volvo Ocean Races to send back photos and video, Inrmarsat costs $1400 for a basic modem, and up to $6 per megabyte for data. Inaccessible to the budgets of most cruisers, it might be an option if you make a living online, at which point it becomes a business cost, and inevitable requirement for your cruising freedom!
Skymate - Via the Skymate network, which runs through Low Earth Orbit satellites over the CDMA protocol, you are able to affordably get email and NOAA weather forecasting. Skymate also provides a number of boat monitoring modules, which can monitor bilge pumps and other onboard devices. Unfortunately the Skymate service is mostly blacked out in the Southern Atlantic, and most of the Pacific oceans.
Feel free to leave a comment with any tips or ideas,
Bluemapia